Fluid Mechanics

Presentation

The scope of Fluid Mechanics is wide (Earth's surface surrounded by air and water) finding applications in the traditional and newer areas of engineering such as environmental engineering. Practical applications involving the analysis and design of systems that require a good understanding of fluid mechanics: aerodynamics (industrial and aeronautical), distribution networks (water, oil, natural gas), biomedical engineering, sports, etc. The relevance of Fluid Mechanics in Environmental Engineering is present in several domains, such as the dispersion of pollutants, drainage and treatment of rainwater and wastewater, water resources management and air quality, where skills are required for sizing of ventilation, fluid transport, mixing tanks, including pressure and flow measurement and energy consumption.

Programme

Environmental Engineering

Level of Qualification|Semesters|ECTS

| Semestral | 5

Year | Type of course unit | Language

2 |Mandatory |Português

Code

ULP287-946

Recommended complementary curricular units

Math analysis and Physics

Professional Internship

Não

Syllabus

• Introduction. Scope and relevance of Fluid Mechanics.
• Concepts and properties of fluids. Newton's law of viscosity. Couette flow.
• Statics of fluids: Equilibrium of a fluid element. Fundamental equation of hydrostatics. Application to manometry. Forces on immersed surfaces. Buoyancy.
• Kinematics of fluids: Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of flows. Flow rate and average velocity.
• Introduction to fluid dynamics: Bernoulli´s equation. Measurement of velocity and flow.
• Fundamental laws: conservation of mass, energy and linear momentum
• Dimensional analysis and similarity: Buckingham's theorem. Dimensional groups. Similarity and modeling.
• Viscous flow in ducts: Laminar and turbulent pipe flows. Minor and local losses in ducts. Pipe sizing.
• Pumps and fans: Characteristic curves. Operating point.
• Flow past immersed bodies: Boundary layer concept. Drag and lift. Sedimentation

Objectives

• Understand the fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics
• Analyze fluid behavior at rest and flow
• Apply dimensional analysis to engineering problem analysis
• Know methods and instruments of measurement in Fluid Mechanics, namely pressure, velocity and flow
• Analyze and solve Fluid Mechanics problems in Environmental Engineering

The student should be able to

• Characterize fluids from their properties
• Calculate pressure forces on immersed surfaces
• Apply Bernoulli's equation to ideal flows and understand its limitations
• Measure pressure, velocity and flow
• Solve modeling and experimentation issues based on similarity laws
• Calculate the power of turbines, pumps and fans
• Calculate pressure drop and size fluid transport facilities Determine drag and lift forces

Teaching methodologies and assessment

METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: The class structure is divided into theoretical and practical sessions. In the theoretical sessions, the expository and interactive method is used, or the presentation of subjects by audiovisual means. In the practical sessions, students are confronted with problems / situations, to be carried out individually or in groups, with the help of the teacher, where they can apply the acquired knowledge. These sessions are expected to contribute to a good teacher-student relationship and greater proximity between them.

EVALUATION: Continuous incidence according to the ULP Knowledge Assessment Regulations. Two tests will be carried out: the first approximately two thirds of the semester and the second shortly after the end of classes

Final Note: NF = 0.85xNT + 0.10xNP + 0.05xNA

NT: Arithmetic mean of test scores

NP: Performance in solving proposed problems

NA: Class Participation and Attendance

References

• White, F.M. (1999). Mecânica dos Fluidos, trad. José Carlos César Amorim, Nelson Manzanares Filho, Waldir de Oliveira - 3ª ed., McGraw-Hill, Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 85-86804-24-X
• Oliveira, L.A., Lopes, A.G. (2006). Mecânica dos fluidos, Edições técnicas e profissionais, Lisboa. ISBN-13: 978-972-8480-13-4
• Çengel, Y.A., Turner, R.H., Cimbala, J.M. (2012). Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, 4ª ed., McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 0073380202
• Massey, B.S. (2002). Mecânica dos fluidos, trad. J. R. Guedes de Carvalho, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa

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